This study was conducted during summer and winter of 2018- 2019 in the agricultural research field of Shahid Chamran University. Experimental design was split- plot based on RCBD with three replications. The main plot was the type of agricultural system in three levels including conventional (Conv), organic (Org) and sustainable (Sust) (integrated between Conv and Org) and sup- plot was the type of pre- cultivated crop in sequence with wheat including cultivation of mung bean (M- W), corn (C- W), sesame (S- W) and fallow (F- W). Yield quantity (yield and its component) and quality (grain protein), an estimate of photosynthesis matter transfer index of wheat and soil organic carbon (SOC) after one double-cropping were measured. The result showed that the highest (545.04 g/m2) and the lowest (409.28 g/m2) seed yields were obtained in Conv and Org respectively. In contract, with the changing type of system from Conv to Org, grain protein was increased significantly (from 8.3 to 9.6 %). In addition, the highest (535.47 g/m2) yield of wheat was obtained from M- W double cropping. On the other hands the highest remobilization and current photosynthesis matter were obtained in the organic agricultural system with M- W and conventional with M- W double cropping. The situation of SOC showed that the highest (33.18 mg/g) SOC was obtained in the organic agricultural system with C- W double cropping. The reason for improving SOC in the organic and sustainable agricultural system was application of organic matter (compost and vermicompost) and crop residue management. Totally, from the crop ecology point of view, sustainable agricultural method with a sequence of M- W was the most desirable system.

Due to the lack of measurement in Distribution systems, state estimation has particular importance. Different methods are presented to improve the accuracy of system state with limited measurements. In this paper a new state estimator in Distribution systems are offered. This estimator bases on backward forward load flow estimates system state with adjusting load consumption at each step. Voltage measurements in slack bus, loads and zero injection measurements are inputs of estimator. This estimator is compared with weight least square estimator and its results are shown. The estimator calculates voltage magnitude with less error and also faster than WLS estimator. 85-bus system is presented in this paper.

One of the obvious reasons for most disorders in network service provisioning is network path congestion. Congestion avoidance in today's networks is too costly and sometimes impossible. With the introduction of SDN, centralizing the equipment's control plane has become possible. This paper presents an enhanced method named ESV-DBRA to avoid congestion in multi-tenant SDN networks. At first, ESV-DBRA monitors the traffic load and delay of all network paths for each tenant individually. Then, by merging the parameters obtained from the monitoring, the Service Level Agreements (SLA), and a novel proposed cost function, it calculates the cost of the network paths per tenant. As a result, traffic for each tenant is routed through the path/paths at the lowest possible cost from the tenant's perspective. Next, the bandwidth quotas will be calculated and assigned to the tenants over their optimal routes. Afterward, whenever congestion is likely to occur in a path, ESV-DBRA automatically changes the route or bandwidth of the tenants' traffic related to this path to avoid congestion. Related algorithms are also proposed.Eventually, simulations show that the proposed method effectively increases bandwidth utilization by 10.76%.

A novel intelligent neural optimizer with two objective functions is designed for electrical Distribution systems. The presented method is faster than alternative optimization methods and is comparable with the most powerful and precise ones. This optimizer is much smaller than similar neural systems. In this work, two intelligent estimators are designed, a load flow program is coded, and a special modified heuristic optimization algorithm is developed and used too. The load pattern concept is used for training ANNs. Finally, the designed optimizer is tested on an example Distribution system; simulation results are presented, and compared with similar systems.

Distribution and allocation of resources is affected by factors such as values, norms, social stratifications, ideology, information, coercion, political challenges, and even external factors. This finding means that there is always a fundamental tendency to redirect resources toward political goals instead of public interests and development. Because the resource structure is strongly influenced by political factors, there are real possibilities to deviate resources from its original function, which is public interest. What role does resources and especially resource management and allocation models have in development and how much is their strategic importance? Could national resources graded as the main and critical element in development which because of its vital and extended applications, development is undermined by it.